Artificial intelligence is reshaping work, but its impact depends on whether it complements or replaces human expertise. MIT economists David Autor and Neil Thompson argue that productivity gains are not guaranteed, as workers often spend time prompting and verifying AI outputs. Automation can elevate wages when it frees humans for higher‑level tasks, but erode them when it substitutes specialized knowledge. The future hinges on designing AI systems that amplify human strengths rather than diminish them.